Nations in Transit
2024
Acknowledgements
This report was made possible through the generous support of the US Agency for International Development, the Dutch Postcode Lottery, and the Hurford Foundation.
Freedom House is committed to editorial independence and is solely responsible for this report’s content
Research and Editorial Team
The research for Nations in Transit 2024 was led by Senior Research Analyst Mike Smeltzer and Research Analyst Alexandra Karppi. Research Associate Mary Hopkins, and Deputy Director, Policy and Advocacy Katie LaRoque contributed to this report. Staff Editor Tyler Roylance edited the report.
Nations in Transit 2024 would not be possible without the contributions of the report’s advisers, country experts, and external reviewers.
Authors
Albania: Anonymous
Armenia: Anonymous
Azerbaijan: Anonymous
Belarus: Tatsiana Ziniakova and Artyom Shraibman
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Dr. Neven Anđelić
Bulgaria: Angel Petrov
Croatia: Dr. Dario Čepo
Czech Republic: Albín Sybera
Estonia: Li Bennich-Björkman
Georgia: Anonymous
Hungary: Zsuzsanna Végh
Kazakhstan: Anonymous
Kosovo: Anonymous
Kyrgyzstan: Nurbek Bekmurzaev
Latvia: Ieva Birka
Lithuania: Jogilė Ulinskaitė and Žilvinas Švedkauskas
Moldova: Denis Cenusa
Montenegro: Milena Muk and Marko Sošić
North Macedonia: Dr. Ognen Vangelov
Poland: Jan Bogusławski and Tadeusz Kolasiński
Romania: Claudia Badulescu
Russia: Dr. Margarita Zavadskaya
Serbia: Nikola Burazer
Slovakia: Roman Hlatky
Slovenia: Dr. Meta Novak
Tajikistan: Ruslan Norov
Turkmenistan: Anonymous
Ukraine: Nazar Boyko
Uzbekistan: Anonymous
Advisers
Dr. Kristie D. Evenson, independent researcher
Dr. Petra Guasti, Associate Professor of Democratic Theory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University
Dr. Tõnis Saarts, Associate Professor of Comparative Politics, School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University
Dr. Ketevan Bolkvadze, Associate Senior Lecturer of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University
Dr. Maria Popova, Associate Professor of Political Science, McGill University
The Nations in Transit team is grateful to the entire Freedom House staff for their additional expert input.
How to cite this report
Please use the following citation when referencing the report, its summary of findings, or select country reports:
Smeltzer, Mike and Karppi, Alexandra. Nations in Transit 2024, Freedom House, 2024, nationsintransit.org.
Smeltzer, Karppi, “The Diversity of Hybrid Regimes,” in Smeltzer, Karppi. Nations in Transit 2024, Freedom House, 2024, nationsintransit.org
Anonymous, “Albania,” in Smeltzer, Karppi. Nations in Transit 2024, Freedom House, 2024, nationsintransit.org
