Japan has a score of 89 out of 100, with 100 representing the least vulnerability in terms of election integrity, on Freedom House’s Election Vulnerability Index, which is based on a selection of key election-related indicators. The score reflects a robust democracy and strong respect for human rights online and offline, though progovernment commentators and political bots disrupt the online information environment. The country is rated Free in Freedom in the World 2021, with a score of 96 out of 100 with respect to its political rights and civil liberties and Free in Freedom on the Net 2020, with an internet freedom score of 75 out of 100. To learn more about these annual Freedom House assessments, please visit the Japan country reports in Freedom in the World and Freedom on the Net.

Note: This country received an abbreviated preelection assessment. For more information, please refer to the Election Vulnerability Index data and the annual country reports listed above.